Tuesday, June 13, 2023

My Religion is Kindness

 My Religion is Kindness

Matthew 9:9-13[1]

Even though most churches were full when I was growing up in the 1960’s and 1970’s, I wouldn’t say it was a time when people were particularly devoted to following Jesus. Because of that a lot of people were jaded by the gap between the words people were saying in church and the lives they were living outside the sanctuary. Without the “walk” to back it up, many saw all the religious “talk” as just a lot of words that didn’t mean much. Instead, a lot of the people I grew up with decided to find their lives in slogans like “if it feels good, do it.” When I look at where some of those people are today, I must confess I’m more than a little surprised. Some of the people who “partied” the hardest back then have turned into some of the most staunchly religious people today. But the irony is that they don’t seem to be any more committed to actually following Jesus now than they were back in the day. I guess we shouldn’t be surprised that a whole new generation is turning away from church. Or that a major factor in their leaving is because they believe that the church is out of step with one of their most important values: treating all people with kindness and respect.[2]  

You’d think that would be something that Christian churches would excel at. As our lesson from the Gospel of Matthew for today reminds us, Jesus modeled a life of treating all people with kindness, compassion, and dignity. Here Jesus demonstrates that fundamental orientation of his life by calling “Matthew,” a man who was a tax collector. As I’ve mentioned before, tax collectors in Jewish society were hated by the people in general and despised by the religious leaders. In fact, the phrase, “tax collectors and sinners” in that day was one that pretty much included everyone who was viewed as immoral, dishonest, tainted, or in any way “undesirable.” And there Jesus was, calling this man to be one of his hand-picked apprentices in carrying out the ministry of the kingdom of God!

That created a dilemma for the “religious” people of his day. On the one hand, his proclamation of God’s grace, of God’s kingdom of peace and freedom, and of the realization of God’s promise to show them mercy must have sounded like the best news they’d ever heard. It excited them and inspired them. Kind of like us. But on the other hand, the fact that he offered all that to the destitute, the undesirables, the down-and-out, and the sinners alongside the “religious” people raised serious objections. They’d been taught that God blesses those who obey and punishes those who disobey. Like us they’d probably spent a lifetime of trying to live up to God’s expectations. And Jesus told them that the reward they expected was going to be handed to those who never even expended one iota of effort to gain it! That offended them. Kind of like us!

That’s the backdrop for Jesus’ shocking statement, “Go and learn what this means, ‘I desire mercy, not sacrifice.’” (Mt 9:13). Jesus didn’t just pull that out of thin air. He was quoting Scripture. Specifically, Hosea 6:6. The irony is that he was talking to the Jewish religious leaders, who spent all their time studying Scripture! But Jesus told them that in spite of their efforts they had missed the point: putting the mercy they had received from God into practice in the way they treated others—all others.

They would have known Hosea 6:6. They would have also known that in the Hebrew Bible, the word translated “mercy” was a “loaded” word. It referred to both God’s unfailing love and also the abiding commitment to love that God’s love calls forth on the part of those who receive it. And they would have known that Scripture defined that commitment in terms of loving God “with all your heart” (Dt 6:5) and loving “your neighbor as yourself” (Lev. 19:18). Unfortunately, they had convinced themselves that they only “had” to put that love into practice with their Jewish neighbors. And in fact, they only had to put that love into practice with some of their Jewish neighbors. But in the Old Testament, “mercy” is the equivalent of “love.” It’s a fundamental life orientation toward treating all people with kindness, compassion, and dignity. In the Scripture passage from Hosea 6:6 that Jesus called on to answer his critics for the fact that he extended kindness even to “tax collectors and sinners,” “mercy” is the equivalent of “love.” The word in the Greek New Testament that we’re used to hearing for that kind of approach to other people is “agape.” It’s the love that Jesus showed for all of us by dying on the cross!

All of this makes me wonder what it says about the church in this day and time that a growing number of young people are leaving, and one of the main reasons they give is the fact that they find the church to be lacking in the one quality that Jesus said would demonstrate that we’re his disciples (Jn 13:35). There’s so much division going on these days, so much disagreement, so much conflict. People are going take different stands on social and political issues, hopefully respectfully and with civility. But when it comes to how we treat people, there is no “alternative” for those of us who claim to follow Jesus. There is only one option: we who have received the unconditional love God has shown by claiming us forever as his beloved children are commanded by our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ to show that unconditional love to everyone we meet.

Many of you may know that the Dalai Lama is famous for saying “My religion is kindness.” He’s said it many times and in many places. I have a lot of respect for the Dalai Lama, but I find it sad to think that many young people in our day may be more familiar with the Dalai Lama’s devotion to kindness than they are with Jesus’ devotion to kindness. If that’s the case, I’m afraid we’re responsible. Jesus lived out the command to “love your neighbor as yourself” by showing kindness, compassion, and respect for everyone he encountered. His “religion” was kindness just as much as the Dalai Lama’s. Perhaps more so. Not only in his words, but also by the way he treated people, he offered God’s mercy to the destitute, the undesirables, the down-and-out, and the sinners—as well as the “religious” people.

None of this is anything you haven’t heard before. None of this is anything you haven’t heard from me before. But I think we have to go beyond just talking about it. I think we have to take a hard look at ourselves to figure what’s missing in our efforts to put our faith into practice. More than that, there’s something to be said for living a life that’s consistent with what we say we believe. At least as consistent as possible for flawed and fallible human beings. That makes it possible for us to look ourselves in the mirror and know that, at the end of the day, we’ve done our best. All of us who have lived much of life are going to have some regrets. The reality is that we all fall short. But when we can say with the Apostle Paul that our “conscience is clear” before God (1 Cor 4:4), it frees us to move past our hurts and fears and the petty and sometimes selfish ways of living our hurts and fears can bring out in us. It frees us to love all our neighbors: our neighbors who don’t look like us, think like us, love like us, speak like us, pray like us, or vote like us. It frees us to make kindness our religion—not just as a slogan, but for real.



[1] © 2023 Alan Brehm. A sermon delivered by Rev. Alan Brehm PhD on 6/11/2023 for Hickman Presbyterian Church, Hickman, NE.

[2] Cf. “Exodus: Why Americans are Leaving Religion—and Why They’re Unlikely to Come Back,” Public Religion Research Institute, 22 September 2016. Accessed at https://www.prri.org/research/prri-rns-poll-nones-atheist-leaving-religion/ .

 

Tuesday, June 06, 2023

All Authority

 All Authority

Matthew 28:16-20[1]

Many of us grew up in a time when authority was either being questioned or flat out rejected. The scandals that broke open during the 1960’s and 1970’s rocked our confidence in all authority figures, from top to bottom. The “Pentagon Papers” demonstrated that the US government had secretly provided funding for the Vietnam war going back to the time of President Truman. And they proved that President Johnson had lied to Congress and to the American people about the level of US military involvement. Of course, all of this led up to the Watergate scandal, where President Nixon conspired with those who organized the burglary of the Democratic National headquarters. Needless to say, in the wake of all that, people’s confidence in authority figures—all authority figures—was shaken.

Fast forward to the present time, and the pace of change, along with a fear of unknown “threats” in our world is driving people in this country to seek safety at the hands of authoritarian figures. This is a global trend, as people all over the world are putting their faith, their hopes, and their longing for security in the hands of leaders like Vladimir Putin, Xi Jinping, Recep Erdogan, Viktor Orban, and Narendra Modi.[1] Having lived through both eras—the time of questioning authority, and this time of turning to human authoritarian figures for security—has been more than ironic to me. I have to wonder at people’s ability to so quickly forget their own recent past.

That might seem like a strange way to introduce a sermon on Trinity Sunday. The reason is that I want to call attention to the way that our lesson from Matthew’s Gospel concentrates God’s authority in the person of the risen and living Jesus. When he appeared to his disciples on a mountain in Galilee, he said to them something that would have been startling for them. And it should still catch our attention today: “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me” (Mt 28:18). We’re used to hearing that language because it’s part of the “Great Commission.” But in that day, “all authority” belonged to God. Any human being claiming “all authority in heaven and on earth” would have been viewed as directly contradicting God’s authority.

I think what made the difference is that it was the risen and living Jesus who made this startling claim. They had seen him die, and they had seen him alive more than once after he rose from the dead. It was the resurrection that confirmed that it was God who had given him this authority. I think Matthew means for us to remember the “tempter” had taken Jesus up on a “very high mountain” and offered him “all the kingdoms of the world and their glory” (Mt 4:8). As I mentioned earlier when we looked at that passage, I don’t believe they were the “tempter’s” to give. But here, in response to the fact that Jesus had “fulfilled all righteousness” as Matthew’s Gospel puts it, in other words he had carried out God’s plan to “set right” all things and all people by his death and resurrection, God himself had given all authority to Jesus. And there is no contradiction whatsoever between the biblical affirmation that all authority belongs to God, and that God has given that authority to Jesus Christ.

One reason for that is because Jesus uses that authority to carry out God’s purpose in the world. Of course, that goes against the norm in our day. In our world, “power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely.”[3] But Jesus used the authority given to him by God not for his own ends, but to promote the peace, justice, and freedom of God’s kingdom. And he continues to use the authority given by God to “unite all things” (Eph 1:10, RSV), to “make peace with all things” (Col 1:20), and to fulfill God’s work of “making all things new” (Rev 21:5). And at the end of it all, Paul said that Jesus would surrender all authority back to God, so that God “will be utterly supreme over everything everywhere” (1 Cor 15:28, NLT), bringing the new life of God’s kingdom to everyone and everything!

All of that may seem overwhelming to us “normal folks.” But I think that Matthew wanted those who would read and hear his Gospel to come away from the story of Jesus with complete confidence that they had entrusted their lives into the hands of one who would not only be “God-who-is-with” them, but also one who had God’s own authority to empower them to carry out the task of making disciples of all nations. You may remember that in my sermon last week I said that it is the Spirit who empowers us. But we should note something about the way the New Testament speaks about God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Here, all of God’s authority is concentrated in Jesus; elsewhere we see it concentrated in the Father, or in the Spirit. And again, the first Christians could affirm all three without any contradiction. As John Calvin says it, (but not quite this succinctly), Trinity is how God operates in the world![4]

I think the point of all this was to inspire confidence in those who would follow Jesus in a world that remains set against the peace, justice, and freedom of God’s kingdom. And part of the assurance lies in the promise that “I am with you always, to the end of the age” (Mt 28:20). We can be confident because Jesus Christ our Savior and Lord is the one to whom God has entrusted “authority, honor, and sovereignty over all the nations of the world” (Dan 7:13, NLT) as well as over “everything in heaven and on earth, everything seen and unseen, including all forces and powers, and all rulers and authorities” (Col 1:16, NLT). And the promise is that “His rule is eternal—it will never end” (Dan 7:14, NLT).

In this world where we see so many people looking to authoritarian figures to provide them with safety, hope, and confidence about the future, I think we would do well to remember what the Psalmist said, “Don’t put your confidence in powerful people; … . When they breathe their last, … all their plans die with them.” (Ps 146:3-4, NLT). Rather, we look to Jesus, to whom God has entrusted “all authority.” We look to him for our confidence, because the one with “all authority in heaven and on earth” will empower us to carry out the work of God’s kingdom. We look to him for our ultimate safety, because his rule is eternal, and his kingdom will have no end. His rule is God’s rule, and he works to accomplish no other kingdom than God’s kingdom. In this world full of people who would claim our hearts and minds with their empty promises, their selfish use of power to benefit themselves, and their inevitable personal corruption, we can look to the one who rules with true authority, all the authority of God.



[1] © 2023 Alan Brehm. A sermon delivered by Rev. Alan Brehm PhD on 6/4/2023 for Hickman Presbyterian Church, Hickman, NE.

[2] Manfred F. R. Kets de Vries, “Why the World Is Attracted to Neo-Authoritarian Leaders,” INSEAD, 26 Sep 2022; accessed at https://knowledge.insead.edu/leadership-organisations/why-world-attracted-neo-authoritarian-leaders

[3] Famously penned by Lord John Dalberg-Acton, Letter to Mandell Creighton (5 April 1887), referring to the declaration by Pope Pius IX of the Roman Catholic dogma of papal infallibility. He said, “I cannot accept your canon that we are to judge Pope and King unlike other men, with a favorable presumption that they did no wrong. If there is any presumption it is the other way against holders of power, increasing as the power increases. … Power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely. … There is no worse heresy than that the office sanctifies the holder of it. That is the point at which … the end learns to justify the means.” Cf. Historical Essays and Studies, by John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton (1907), edited by John Neville Figgis and Reginald Vere Laurence, Appendix, p. 504. Accessed at http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Lord_Acton.

[4] Cf. especially John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, I.13.17, where he quotes Gregory of Nazianzus (4th Century), “I cannot think on the one without quickly being encircled by the splendor of the three; nor can I discern the three without being straightway carried back to the one.”

Wednesday, May 31, 2023

One Whole Body

 One Whole Body

1 Corinthians 12:4-14, 24[1]

Today is the day that we celebrate the birth of the church. All those centuries ago, on the day of Pentecost, the Spirit of God swept through the group of Jesus’ disciples, empowering them to become bold witnesses for Christ. And the book of Acts tells the story of how they went out in the power of the Spirit to do unimaginable things in the name of the Lord Jesus. As they proclaimed the good news of Jesus Christ to any and all who would listen, thousands responded. And what began in a backwater corner of the Roman Empire became a thriving movement. The power of the Spirit working through the church of that day would eventually change their whole world, including the Middle East, Africa, and Europe.

When we look at our churches today, it may seem like a stretch to think that the same Spirit is still working in and through us. Churches that were filled with people 50 years ago are now partly, or mostly, or in some cases completely empty.[2] When you look around, you might be forgiven for wondering whether the Spirit who we say we believe empowers us “to witness among all peoples to Christ as Lord and Savior, and to work with others for justice, freedom, and peace” has passed us by.[3] Although the Church is thriving in other places around the world, in this country it’s a very difficult time to be the church!

While there are a lot of people saying a lot of things in about what churches “need” to do to thrive, I would say the place to start is with our own hearts. I’ve said before it is my firm conviction that only as we carry out our work in the power the Spirit supplies can we hope to achieve any lasting results. That applies to this and every other church. It’s one of the foundational themes of the NT. Everything we do in our Christian lives is the result of what the Spirit of God is doing. Everything we do, from praying, to worshipping, to planting seeds of faith, to growing in service to God, to living lives of kindness and respect, to sharing the love of God, will thrive or not thrive to the extent that we rely on the Spirit of God.[4]

That’s why we have to start with our own hearts. It’s not going to be enough for us to work hard for the sake of the church. That still presupposes that whether or not this church thrives is in our hands. But as St. Paul once confessed, “In ourselves we are not able to claim anything for ourselves. The power to do what we do comes from God” (2 Cor 3:5, NIrV). If that was true for Paul, how much more is it true for us. We start by recognizing that none of us can “make” this church thrive by our own efforts. We must look to God diligently, consistently, faithfully, and sincerely to pour out the Spirit in and through us if we hope that what we do will have any lasting results.

In our Scripture lesson from 1 Corinthians, St. Paul says it this way: “There are different kinds of spiritual gifts, but the same Spirit is the source of them all. There are different kinds of service, but we serve the same Lord. God works in different ways, but it is the same God who does the work in all of us” (1 Cor 12:4-6). Jesus promised, “I will build my church” (Mt 16:18), and the way he’s been doing that is through the presence and power of the Spirit working in the church. I believe we can trust that Jesus will keep his promise. I believe we can trust that the Spirit will continue working in and through us all. And I believe God will continue to supply us with what we need to carry out the ministry of the kingdom in this community.

With that in mind, we might wonder what we can do. Well, first and foremost, we can pray. Let me be clear about this: we don’t pray because it’s some kind of “magic wand” that will “miraculously” turn things around. We pray because that’s how we open our hearts to the work of God’s Spirit and align our lives with God’s kingdom. I invite you to join me in praying that God will pour out his Spirit and empower us to carry out his work in this community. I’ve been doing that since I came here. And one of the times I pray that prayer is on Sunday morning during worship. All I do is ask God to pour out his Spirit to help us thrive and to bring us the people we need to help us. Please join me in that prayer!

But St. Paul also knew that there was another dimension to a thriving church. He said it this way: “A spiritual gift is given to each of us so we can help each other” (1 Cor 12:7, NLT). Many of us probably don’t agree with that statement. We think that if anyone has a “spiritual gift” that can benefit the church, it must be someone else. But St. Paul makes it clear in this passage that he believes that the Spirit of God works through every part of the body of Christ. That means that there’s no one who’s contribution is “dispensable.” For this or any other church to thrive, it takes every one doing what God enables us to do. We can’t sit back and expect someone else to do it for us. It’s going to take all of us working together as one whole body of Christ if we want to thrive as a church.

Whether we see this time in which we’re all working so hard to live faithfully as the body of Christ as a crisis or an opportunity depends on our point of view. We can lament that our churches are nowhere near as full as they were ten or twenty or thirty years ago. And if we take that approach, we will likely continue to watch the church decline. Or we can take the opportunity to step up. Each and every one of us. I believe that if Christians in this culture truly opened their hearts to God’s Spirit and truly aligned their lives with God’s kingdom, it would revolutionize the church. It would revolutionize our world! I believe that if Christians in this culture would embrace the promise that the Spirit has given each and every one of us gifts to help the church thrive, we couldn’t contain all the people in our buildings. If that’s what we want to see, it’s going to take all of us working together as one whole body of Christ.

I realize that all this may sound too simple to make much of a difference. But in my experience, a simple shift in mindset is one of the most powerful ways to effect change. That’s what I’m asking you to do today. I’m asking you to shift your mindset and trust in the power of God to build up this church. We don’t have the power in ourselves to do what needs to be done for this church to thrive. Only God can do that. But God has always accomplished his work in through people like you and me. And that means we’re all called to step up. If we keep doing what we’ve always done, we’ll keep getting the same results. I’m asking you to step up in a new way. Pray for the people of this church. Reach out to ask someone you know how they’re doing. When the people of God open their hearts to the Spirit of God in prayer and turn to God by aligning their lives with the kingdom, great changes can happen. And not just in this community, but throughout the whole body of Christ. Let’s join together as one whole body of Christ to do unimaginable things in our time through the Spirit of God!



[1] © 2023 Alan Brehm. A sermon delivered by Rev. Alan Brehm PhD on 5/28/2023 for Hickman Presbyterian Church, Hickman, NE.

[2] Yonat Shimron, “Study: More Churches Closing than Opening,” Religion News Service 21 May 2021, accessed at: https://religionnews.com/2021/05/26/study-more-churches-closing-than-opening/. The report suggests that in 2019 about 4500 protestant churches closed, while only 3000 were started. This compares with 2014, when there were 3700 closures, but 4000 openings. For reference, there are about 320,000 to 350,000 protestant churches in the US.

[3] The Book of Confessions 2016, “A Brief Statement of Faith,” 11.4, p. 312.

[4] Cf. Henri J. M. Nouwen, A Cry for Mercy, 109: “The Holy Spirit, whom Jesus promised to his followers, is the great gift of God. Without the Spirit of Jesus we can do nothing, but in and through his Spirit we can live free, joyful, and courageous lives. We cannot pray, but the Spirit of Christ can pray in us. We cannot crete peace and joy, but the Spirit of Christ can fill us with a peace and joy that is not of this world. We cannot break through the many barriers that divide races, sexes, and nations, but the Spirit of Christ unites all people in the all-embracing love of God. The Spirit of Christ burns away our many fears and anxieties and sets us free to move wherever we are sent. This is the great liberation of Pentecost.”

Tuesday, May 23, 2023

Humbling

Humbling

1 Peter 4:12-14; 5:5-7[1]

I have a confession to make. Actually, I think it’s a confession I’ve made to you before: it’s not easy for me to trust God. It’s never been easy for me to trust God. Some of that has to do with my life experiences. But then I would say that it’s not easy for anyone to really trust God. I mean trusting God when your life is going in the completely opposite direction from the path you thought you were headed down. I think to some extent that has to do with a fear that we all share: the fear of being vulnerable. These days, we’re all vulnerable in ways we may never have expected, nor could we even imagine. Being vulnerable is a scary thing, and when we are scared, we don’t have much head space or heart space to trust God. In my experience, the opposite of faith is not doubt, but fear! Fear is the greatest obstacle to trusting God.

One of the challenges with being in a vulnerable place in life is that it can be humbling. I don’t think we’re any more comfortable with being humbled than we are with being vulnerable. We often associate being humbled with humiliation. And for that reason, the humbling experiences of our lives can be painful. I think most of us would rather do just about anything to avoid going through an experience that humbles us. But I would have to say that it has been the most humbling experiences of my life that have led to the most growth in my ability to trust God, and to entrust my life into his care, as our lesson from 1 Peter for today calls us to do.

As you may remember, 1 Peter was addressed to people who were undergoing painful hardships because of their faith. Our lesson for today tells us that they were going through “fiery trials” that made them “partners with Christ in his suffering,” and for no other reason than they “bore the name of Christ” (1 Pet 4:12-14). As I’ve mentioned before, while there was at this time no official ban against practicing the Christian faith in the Roman Empire, the trials believers experienced in the churches Peter was writing to were wide-ranging. They faced the loss of their livelihood, the loss of their families and homes, and at times the loss of their very lives due to the actions of violent mobs.

It was in that setting that Peter called them to practice humble faith. The humility Peter called for not only applied to the way they saw themselves and to the way they approached God, but also to the way they related to one another. Peter quotes the wisdom of Proverbs: “God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble” (1 Pet 5:5, NLT). That humility also applied to their hardships. In the face of their sufferings, he called them to “humble yourselves under the mighty power of God,” and promised that “at the right time he will lift you up in honor” (1 Pet 5:6, NLT). Just exactly what that might mean is hard to say, but I think the point of it was to remind them that God was very much aware of all they were going through. More than that, God was actively involved in helping them get through every hardship.

And so Peter called the believers turn to God in every situation with humble faith: “Give all your worries and cares to God, for he cares about you” (1 Pet 5:7, NLT). In this, Peter was probably also quoting the wisdom of the Psalms. John Calvin suggests that Peter was referring to Ps 38:15: “it is for you, O Lord, that I wait; it is you, O Lord my God, who will answer.”[2] This was the Psalmist’s response to a situation very similar to the one Peter’s audience was going through. He described the many foes who hated him, saying that they “repay me evil for good and oppose me for pursuing good” (Ps 38:20, NLT). I think that’s probably one of the hardest times when we may be called to “give all your worries and cares to God”!

But I think that the language of the psalmist might help us here. When he says that “it is for you, O Lord, that I wait,” he’s using a “loaded” word. Some English Bibles translate this as “it is in you, O Lord that I hope” (NKJV). Some English Bibles translate it as “it is in you, O Lord, that I trust” (CEV). I would say it takes all three to get at the full meaning of what the Psalmist was saying: waiting, hoping, and trusting. Trusting in God, especially in the face of hardships, places us in a situation where we do a lot of waiting and hoping. And it takes all three—waiting, hoping, and trusting—for us to truly “cast our cares” on the God whose love for us never fails.

What enables us to do all that trusting and hoping and waiting is the assurance that God cares for us. I think an image from the Gospel of John can help us here as well. When Jesus spoke of himself as “the Good Shepherd,” he contrasted his willingness to lay down his life for us with one who is like a “hired hand.” He said that the “hired hand” doesn’t care for the sheep because they don’t belong to him, and so he abandons them when danger comes (Jn 10:13). But Jesus Christ is our true shepherd, and he will never abandon us, no matter what we may have to endure in this life! That’s one of the most important demonstrations of God’s care for us!

In my experience, learning to trust God to care for me, come what may, has been the direct result of the humbling experiences in life. With the Psalmist, I have to confess that it was “good for me that I was humbled” (Ps 119:71). I’ve been “humbled” by painful events several times. There was one time in particular that I was humbled by something joyful. It was the first time I took the risk of admitting to a friend the one thing that was most difficult for me to say out loud to anyone. I was afraid to tell him, because he was my best friend at the time, and I worried that he might think less of me. What happened is that he had a new respect for me. That was an important lesson in the connection between humility and trust. When we take the risk of humbling ourselves, we may learn that there are people whom we can trust to share our burdens. More importantly, when we go through experiences that are humbling, we have the chance to really learn that we can trust God. When we realize that we cannot rely on our own strength or wisdom or goodness, we learn to “cast your cares” on God, trusting that “he cares for you” (1 Pet 5:7).



[1] © Alan Brehm. A sermon delivered by Rev. Alan Brehm, PhD on 5/21/2023 for Hickman Presbyterian Church, Hickman, NE.

[2] John Calvin, Commentaries on the Catholic Epistles, 148: “But he calls those humble, who being emptied of every confidence in their own power, wisdom, and righteousness, seek every good from God alone.”